This technical supplement describes typical applications for cantilever sheet pile wall in stream restoration and stabilization projects, types of sheet pile material, loads applied to the sheet pile, failure modes, design for cantilever wall stability, structural design of the piles. The focus of the guideline is the geotechnical aspects of retaining wall design. Gravity wallmasonry or plain concrete cantilever retaining wallrcc inverted t and l. This report gives results from a parametric study which used four different methods to assess the stability of an embedded cantilever wall retaining 5. Worked example 1 design of cantilever pol retaining. Worked example 1 design of cantilever pol retaining walls. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type of earth retaining structure. It is considered suitable for common residential situations with competent soils. This objective has been accomplished and the proposed. Due to varying pressure over the height of stern, the stem slab deflects outwards and hence main reinforcement. Cantilever retaining wall ouestion for the retaining wall and the profile shown below, calculate.
Common retaining walls buttress toe heel gravity or semigravity retaining wall toe heel cantilever retaining wall stem footing toe heel. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block construction rising from an insitu concrete foundation. The design can be made in either metric or imperial unitsyou can download the sofware by clicking here slopewfrom geo. The weight of the soil mass above the heel helps keep wall stable. The project is being done to explore the problem of cantilever retaining wall in different situations and whether it is an efficient system of retaining soil in relation with its height, backfill type and its dry or. Many engineers use the cantilever wall term to actually describe gravity walls. Cantilever reinforced masonry reinforced soils insitu reinforcementreinforced earth. However, they form a significant part of the external landscape and should have a basic aesthetic appeal. Counterfort retaining wall b cantilever wall a gravity wall. Example 11 castinplace concrete cantilever retaining wall 3 2018 ev 3 ev 1 ev 2 ls v ls h eh dc dc 2 dc 4 dc 3 front face.
This type of wall uses much less material than a traditional gravity wall. Feb 19, 2018 this video explains about how the forces acting on cantilever retaining wall and check for the factor of safety against sliding and factor of safety against overturning. Examples of this include cip cantilever, mse and modular block walls. Principles of retaining wall design the constructor. Cantilevered st em wall can have up to five different stem sections, of either masonry or concrete, each with a different thickness andor reinforcing size and spacing. Retaining walls and chapter 730 steep reinforced slopes. The objective of this guideline is to provide information on retaining wall design in accordance with the city of nanaimo the city and the british columbia building code bcbc requirements. Flexural and shear stresses are checked in the second design example, and it is seen that the magnitudes are very low. This is a simple web app that is able provide a basic design of a cantilever retaining wall based on user inputs. Masonry retaining wall design excel sheet retaining wall. Pdf optimum design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining. Norfolk and tasman retaining walls au keystone retaining wall systems. This video explains about how the forces acting on cantilever retaining wall and check for the factor of safety against sliding and factor of safety against overturning. This is an extremely popular system offering benefits that include zero lot lines, a vertical wall face and a.
Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and. The design can be made in either metric or imperial unitsyou can download the sofware by clicking here slopewfrom geoslope a comprehensive program that you can download for free only a trial version and you can view a sheet pile wall design example by clicking here a specific case study for such a wall after ec7 can be viewed here. Cantilever retaining wall is economical up to height of 10m. If a reinforced concrete cantilever wall has been selected, for example, standard design procedures lead to the choice of concrete thickness and amount of reinforcing of the stem, as well as the dimensions and reinforcing of. After this present you will be able to do the completecomplete design design andand detailingdetailing ofof differentdifferent typestypes ofof. Abstract three examples of retaining walls were prepared for comparison of designs. Review current design procedures to use as a format for the. Design of cantilever sheet pile walls january 2015. Design of concrete cantilever retaining wall od4p6pmr5dlp. The base slab form the foundation of the retaining wall. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls. Expert system architecture for retaining wall design. Design example the following design example briefly illustrates some of the basic steps used in the allowable stress design of a reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall. Retaining wall design of reinforced concrete structure.
Flexural and shear stresses in gravity retaining walls will almost always be of minor importance. It is commonly required in the construction of hill roads, masonry dams, abutments and wings walls of bridges and so on. For example, concrete cantilever retaining wall can be defined as a. Analysis of embedded retaining wall using the subgrade reaction method 61 2 2 m x dx d w x ej 4 3 3 t x dx d w x ej 5 where mx is the bending moment and tx is the shearing force. A crane is lifting a wall form to cast this reinforcedretaining wall. A retaining wall acts as a link between various highway structures and adjacent land forms. Cantilever retaining wall sheet excel web share 20161018t23. A slurry wall refers to the method of construction.
The stability is maintained by the weight of the retaining wall and the earth on the heel slab of the retaining wall. The basic design precepts employed in cantilever walls include considerations of dead man tiebacks, taking active pressures to the bottom of the wall and considering any reductions in passive resistance for inclined slopes. Preface standards australia has published as 46782002 for the design of earth retaining structures, which. Analysis and design of stepped cantilever retaining wall. Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 3 8 3. Cantilever retaining wall sheet excel civil engineering. Teaching learningbased optimization for design o f cantilever retaining walls in which each row of the matrix is a candidate retaining wall design that is correspond an objective function value. As a solution to this difficulty, a new approach that is to minimize effect of forces coming from retained fill, short reinforced concrete members in the form of. Deflection generally governs design for cantilever walls more than 18 feet high. It is not as stiff as other types of retaining walls. Retaining walls types, design, stability the construction. Design the reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall shown in figure 2.
Retaining walls and chapter 730 steep reinforced slopes 730. A revised definition of factor of safety with respect to passive failure is proposed which. It may also be used to form a vertical joint between the two sections of wall. Calculate lateral earth pressure forces acting on the wall. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm. The safety factor against sliding minimum required f. Design of sheet pile walls using truline composite wall sections design methods and examples introduction this report presents the recommended structural capacities for truline composite wall sections and a summary of design methods commonly used to design cantilevered and anchored sheet pile structures. Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type of earthretaining structure.
Optimum cost per unit length of the wall is given in the form of charts for different values of top. Pdf the development in computerized design systems is one of the. The loads that are of primary concern are the lateral earth pressures induced by the retained soil. This design example focuses on the analysis and design of a tapered cantilever retaining wall including a comparison with model results from the engineering software programs spwall and spmats. All elements of behave like cantilever beam of slab. To further understand the designed approach, here is a worked example of the design of the retaining wall. A method for the design of embedded cantilever retaining walls under static and seismic loading. Cantilever timber pole walls are probably the most commonly used form of. Cantilever retaining walls can be precast in a factory or formed on site and considered economical up to about 25 ft in height. Cantilever walls are walls that do not have any supports and thus have a free unsupported excavation. A cantilever retaining wall must not slide horizontally fig 1. Depending upon the site conditions, type of material to be.
Along with the direct function of holding back earth, it provides opportunities for aesthetic enhancement of transportation systems. If a reinforced concrete cantilever wall has been selected, for example, standard design procedures lead to the choice of concrete thickness and amount of reinforcing of the stem, as well as the dimensions and reinforcing of the toe, heel, and key. Mar 04, 2019 to further understand the designed approach, here is a worked example of the design of the retaining wall. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. Cantilever retaining wall reinforced concrete wall with small dimensions and it is the most economical type and the most common note. It has much thinner stem and utilize the weight of the backfill soil to provide most of the resistance to sliding and overturning. Mar 16, 2018 retaining wall design spreadsheet masonry retaining wall design within sizing 1024 x 839 masonry retaining wall design excel sheet mounting a level panel tv on the wall is among. Cantilever retaining wall is either constructed on site or prefabricated offsite i. Of these walls, only the cantilever retaining walls and the bridge abutments are mostly used at present due to their great economics. Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass.
Types of retaining wall cantilever retaining wall it consists of a vertical wall called stem, heel slab and toe slab. The following worked example uses a simplified lrfd design procedure with load and resistance factors taken from b1vm4. The function of a retaining wall is to form a nearly vertical face through confinement. Cantilever timber pole walls are probably the most commonly used form of retaining wall for residential purposes. To lay out and design a retaining wall or reinforced slope, consider the. The following figure and design data section will serve as input for detailed analysis and design. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type used as retaining walls. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls. Project topic on analysis and design of a retaining wall. The objective of this research was to conduct a field performance study on a full scale cantilever retaining wall in order to verify or modifyu current design procedures. Technical supplement 14r design and use of sheet pile.
You may also include a weightless fence on top of the wall for the purpose of. Cantilever retaining walls are most commonly and widely used type of retaining wall. Cantilever walls are economical for heights up to 10 m 32 feet. Cantilever walls restrain retained earth by the passive resistance provided by the soil below the excavation. Pdf teaching learningbased optimization for design of. Retaining walls are essentially a functional addition to the outdoors. Design of gravity retaining walls in excel sloped and. Here is a listing of design capabilities contained in this cantilevered retaining wall module. The purpose of this article is for the reader to fully understand the principle behind it.
How to choose the right retaining wall for your project. Homeowners contemplating garden enhancements in the form of retaining walls should also be acquainted with the subject of retaining wall design. Pdf in this paper some of the commonly used design methods for overall stability. Spacings are chosen based on closest multiple of 3 for illustrative purposes, more. Analysis and design of a retaining wall includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available analysis and design of a retaining wall table contents chapter one introduction retaining walls cantilever rw rankin theory forces on cantilever rw counterfort rw forces on counterfort rw the gravity rw forces on gravity rw semi gravity rw chapter. The objective of this research was to conduct a field performance study on a full scale. Cantilever walls are built of reinforced concrete and are typically composed of a horizontal footing and a vertical stem wall. Unlike the stem of cantilever retaining wall, the stem of counter fort retaining wall acts as a continuous slab supported on counters forts. An analysis of the designs submitted is presented here.
Worked example 1 design of cantilever pol retaining walls to resist. This example is intended to be readily calculated by hand although a lot of structural spreadsheets and software such as prokon are available. Design and detailing of retaining walls engineering books. Crib wall another type of gravity retaining structure it consists of precast concrete members linked together to form a crib the zone between the member is filled with compacted soil 16. Cantilever walls the cantilever wall figure 1b and figure 2 is the most common type of retaining structure and generally is used for walls in the range from 10 to 25 ft in height. The cantilever retaining wall shown below is backfilled with granular material having a unit weight. Pdf the optimum design of reinforced concrete rc structures with the minimum weight is. Cantilever retaining wall are usually of reinforced concrete and work on the principles of leverage.
In this paper, the optimum design of rc cantilever retaining walls is investigated. Retaining walls may be defined as a wall built to resist the pressure of liquid, earth filling, sand, or other granular material filled behind it after it is built. Main features calculate earth pressure coefficients based on rankines theory and coulombs theory. An earthretaining system or retaining wall is one of the key roaddesign elements. However, retaining walls can also be constructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes. Design of cantilever pole retaining walls to resist earthquake loading for residential sites. The stem is a vertical cantilever beam, acted on by the horizontal earth pressure. Reinforced concrete wall design basics mike oshea, p. It is so named because its individual parts toe, heel, and stem behave as, and design as, cantilever beams. Structural design of cantilever retaining wall is depend on separating each part of wall and design it as a cantilever, so its called cantilever r.
Aesthetic elements surrounding a particular retaining wall are key to public acceptance of a wall project. Analysis and design of stepped cantilever retaining wall ijert. An example of a completed project is illustrated in figure 1. Cantilever retaining wall sheet excel civil engineering program. The following figure shows the cantilever retaining wall. The portion of the base slab beneath backfill material is termed as heel, and the other part is called toe. Masonry cantilever retaining walls design and construction guide edition e3, may 20. For many years reinforced masonry cantilever retaining walls, relying on gravity loads to resist the overturning forces due to soil pressure, have been constructed. Design of slopped gravity retaining wall in excel design of vertical gravity retaining wall sloped type. Possible modes of failure for freestanding concrete cantilever retaining walls. This is a reinforced concrete wall which utilises cantilever action to retain. The following worked example is for a freestanding cantilever wall that is considered sufficiently flexible for active.
Retaining walls are structures used to retain earth or water or other materials such as. Retaining wall types, materials, economy, and applications. Cantilevered walls are made from a relatively thin stem of steelreinforced, castinplace concrete or mortared masonry, fixed at one end, usually by way of a simple, embedment. Cantilever walls cantilever wall design deep excavation. Review of ncma segmental retaining wall design manual. This session is not intended to teach concrete design, but more of an awareness of why things are the way they are. However, retaining wallscanalsobeconstructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes.